System Software Ebook/ Notes/ pdf/ ppt download

System Software System software is a program that manages and supports the computer resources and operations of a computer system while it executes various tasks such as processing data and information, controlling hardware components, and allowing users to use application software. That is, systems software functions as a bridge between computer system hardware and the application software. System software is made up of many control programs, including the operating system, communications software and database manager. There are many kinds of computers these days. Some of them are easier to learn than others. Some of them perform better than others. These differences may come from different systems software.

Three Kinds of Programs

Systems software consists of three kinds of programs. The system management programs, system support programs, and system development programs are they. These are explained briefly.

System Management ProgramsThese are programs that manage the application software, computer hardware, and data resources of the computer system. These programs include operating systems, operating environment programs, database management programs, and telecommunications monitor programs. Among these, the most important system management programs are operating systems. The operating systems are needed to study more details. There are two reasons. First, users need to know their functions first. For the second, there are many kinds of operating systems available today.
Telecommunications monitor programs are additions of the operating systems of microcomputers. These programs provide the extra logic for the computer system to control a class of communications devices.
System Support Programs
These are the programs that help the operations and management of a computer system. They provide a variety of support services to let the computer hardware and other system programs run efficiently. The major system support programs are system utility programs, system performance monitor programs, and system security monitor programs (virus checking programs).
System Development Programs
These are programs that help users develop information system programs and prepare user programs for computer processing. These programs may analyze and design systems and program itself. The main system development programs are programming language translators, programming environment programs, computer-aided software engineering packages.

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TCP/IP Protocol suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 

Technologies related to networks and internetworking may be the fastest growing in our culture today. One of the ramifications of that growth is a dramatic increase in the number of professions where an understanding of these technologies is essential for success -- and a proportionate increase in the number and type of students taking courses to learn about them.

The book which this website supports is about TCP/IP. It provides the information necessary for students who seek a degree in data communications and networking. It is also a reference for professionals who are supporting or preparing to work with networks based on TCP/IP. In short, this book is for anyone who needs to understand the TCP/IP protocols.

The book assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of the TCP/IP protocols, although a previous course in data communications is desirable

Instructors can obtain a password from their sales representative.

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RSA Algorithm

 RSA Algorithm

The RSA algorithm is based upon the difficulty of finding the prime factorization of numbers whose prime factors are large primes—say 100 digit prime numbers.  The RSA algorithm works as follows:

1.   Select two prime numbers p and q.

2.   Form n = pq.  Note that n is public and can be published.

3.   Form y = (p – 1)(q – 1).  Note that y is secret and not published.

4.   Select an integer e such that e < n and the gcd(e,y) = 1.  Note the author’s requirement that e not divide y evenly is not strong enough.  For the algorithm to work, e and y must be relatively prime-gcd(e,y) = 1.

5.   To encode a letter use its ASCII value.  For instance ‘A’ is at position 65 in the ASCII sequence, so it is encoded as:

c = 65^e mod n

      The letter to be encoded is said to be a plaintext letter and the message before it is encoded is said to be a plaintext message.

6.   To decode a character, you must first calculate a value d that satisfies the equation:

e×d mod y = 1 (Eq. 6.1)

      where y and e are the values calculated in 3 and 4 above, respectively.  Since e and y are relatively prime, we know that there exist integers d and g such that

e×d + y×g = 1  (Eq. 6.2)

      We can solve this equation by using the Euclidean Algorithm with back substitution.  To illustrate the process, suppose we choose p = 11 and q = 13.  Then n=143 and y = 10×12 =  120.  Further, suppose that we select e=19.  Note that e and y are relatively prime, gcd(19,120)=1.

      To find d proceed as follows using the Euclidean Algorithm as if we were looking for the solution to the gcd(19, 120).

120 =  6×19 + 6	6 = 120 - 6×19
19 = 3×6 + 1	1 = 19 - 3×6

      The values of d and g are found by working backwards from the last equation in the right column.  The process is to substitute using the value from the equation the right column immediately above, simplify, and repeat until you get back to equation Eq. 6.2.

1  = 19 – 3×(6)

    = 19 - 3×(120 - 6×19)

    = 19 - 3×120 +18×(19)

    = 19×(19) - 3×(120)   Note that this equation is in the form e×d + y×g = 1, where d = 19 and g = -3.

      The range for the mod y function (Modulus y arithmetic) is defined to be the interval 0 … y.  So, had d come out to be negative we would convert it to a positive integer by adding y, that is we would use the value –d+y for d.  In this example there is no need to do so since d is already positive.  Also note that d just happened to equal e in this example.  In general this will not be true.

7.   Using the value of d, as calculated in step 6, the plaintext character is decoded as:

m = c^d mod n

      where c is an character that has been encoded as described in 5 above.

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VIRTUAL REALITY Ebooks

Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment. On a computer, virtual reality is primarily experienced through two of the five senses: sight and sound. 

The simplest form of virtual reality is a 3-D  image that can be explored interactively at a personal computer, usually by manipulating keys or the mouse so that the content of the image moves in some direction or zooms in or out. More sophisticated efforts involve such approaches as wrap-around display screens, actual rooms augmented with wearable computers, and haptics devices that let you feel the display images.

Virtual reality can be divided into:

• The simulation of a real environment for training and education.
• The development of an imagined environment for a game or interactive story.

Popular products for creating virtual reality effects on personal computers include Bryce, Extreme 3D, Ray Dream Studio, trueSpace, 3D Studio MAX, and Visual Reality. The Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML ) allows the creator to specify images and the rules for their display and interaction using textual language statements.

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Discrete Mathematics Ebook & Lecture Notes - PDF Download

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values. Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as calculus and analysis. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers. More formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets (sets that have the same cardinality as subsets of the natural numbers, including rational numbers but not real numbers). However, there is no exact, universally agreed, definition of the term "discrete mathematics." Indeed, discrete mathematics is described less by what is included than by what is excluded: continuously varying quantities and related notions. Please see the attached file along with this Discrete Mathematics Ebook Download

Discrete Mathematics  Lecture Notes Download

Discrete Mathematics PDF Download

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An Introduction to JSP

Introduction to JSP Introduction to JSP Java Server Pages or JSP for short is Sun's solution for developing dynamic web sites. JSP provide excellent server side scripting support for creating database driven web applications. JSP enable the

Java Server Pages or JSP for short is Sun's solution for developing dynamic web sites. JSP provide excellent server side scripting support for creating database driven web applications. JSP enable the developers to directly insert java code into jsp file, this makes the development process very simple and its maintenance also becomes very easy.  JSP pages are efficient, it loads into the web servers memory  on receiving the request very first time and the subsequent calls are served within a very short period of time. 

  In today's environment most web sites servers dynamic pages based on user request. Database is very convenient way to store the data of users and other things. JDBC provide excellent database connectivity in heterogeneous database environment. Using JSP and JDBC its very easy to develop database driven web application. 

   Java is known for its characteristic of "write once, run anywhere." JSP pages are platform independent. Your port your .jsp pages to any platform.   

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Introduction to PHP

What is PHP?

• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
• PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
• PHP is an open source software
• PHP is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?

• PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts
• PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML 
• PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml"

What is MySQL?

• MySQL is a database server
• MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
• MySQL supports standard SQL
• MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
• MySQL is free to download and use

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Introduction to classes of PHP

Object-oriented PHP
If you have used an object oriented language before, you know that the subject is complex. I will present object-oriented PHP in a very simplistic manner but enough that you can learn to use objects in your scripts in a matter of minutes. Like any object-oriented language, PHP involves using classes to define objects and then using object instances to perform a task. The main purpose of a class is to provide instructions that define the functionality of an object. The class “Fruit” will provide information on a fruit such as shape and color. Let’s look at the definition of a class called Fruit.

<?

class Fruit {

// these are the instance variables
var $shape;
var $color;

// this is the constructor
function Fruit($shape=NULL, $color=NULL) {
$this->color = $color;
}

// the remaining functions are member functions
// to set or retrieve the state of the object
//ACCESSOR MTHODS
function getColor() { return $this->color; }
function getShape() { return $this->shape; }

//MUTATOR METHODS
function setColor($color) { $this->color = $color; }
function setShape($shape) { $this->shape = $shape; }

//A PRINT UTILITY
function printVar () {
echo “. variables are: ($this->shape) and ($this ->color)”;
}
}

?>

The class Fruit has two instance variables ($shape and $color), a constructor (function Fruit()), accessor and mutator functions. The instance variables describe the properties of a Fruit object. The constructor is used to create new Fruit objects. Constructors of a class always have the same name as the class. Here in the Fruit class, the constructor can take two optional parameters to create a new Fruit. The parameters are optional because they are each given a default value (null in our case) in the definition of the constructor. The member functions either get or set the values of the instance variables. Here is an example of how to create and use Fruit objects:

<?

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Ebook, presentation and lecture notes covering full semester syllabus

HUMAN RESOURCE FUNCTION

TRENDS IN HRM

LINE AND STAFF FUNCTIONS

JOB ANALYSIS

RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS

BUILDING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT

EMPLOYEE TESTING AND SELECTION

ORIENTATION & TRAINING

DEVELOPING MANAGERS

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

MANAGING CAREERS

ESTABLISHING PAY PLANS

PAY FOR PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL

INCENTIVES

BENEFIT AND SERVICES

INDUSTRIAL RELATION

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

GRIEVANCES HANDLING

LABOUR WELFARE

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Manual on compressors

Manual on comressors and compressed air systems

Click here  Manual on compressors

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