System Software Ebook/ Notes/ pdf/ ppt download

System Software System software is a program that manages and supports the computer resources and operations of a computer system while it executes various tasks such as processing data and information, controlling hardware components, and allowing users to use application software. That is, systems software functions as a bridge between computer system hardware and the application software. System software is made up of many control programs, including the operating system, communications software and database manager. There are many kinds of computers these days. Some of them are easier to learn than others. Some of them perform better than others. These differences may come from different systems software.

Three Kinds of Programs

Systems software consists of three kinds of programs. The system management programs, system support programs, and system development programs are they. These are explained briefly.

System Management ProgramsThese are programs that manage the application software, computer hardware, and data resources of the computer system. These programs include operating systems, operating environment programs, database management programs, and telecommunications monitor programs. Among these, the most important system management programs are operating systems. The operating systems are needed to study more details. There are two reasons. First, users need to know their functions first. For the second, there are many kinds of operating systems available today.
Telecommunications monitor programs are additions of the operating systems of microcomputers. These programs provide the extra logic for the computer system to control a class of communications devices.
System Support Programs
These are the programs that help the operations and management of a computer system. They provide a variety of support services to let the computer hardware and other system programs run efficiently. The major system support programs are system utility programs, system performance monitor programs, and system security monitor programs (virus checking programs).
System Development Programs
These are programs that help users develop information system programs and prepare user programs for computer processing. These programs may analyze and design systems and program itself. The main system development programs are programming language translators, programming environment programs, computer-aided software engineering packages.

Click Here For More   System Software Ebook/ Notes/ pdf/ ppt download

Read More

TCP/IP Protocol suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 

Technologies related to networks and internetworking may be the fastest growing in our culture today. One of the ramifications of that growth is a dramatic increase in the number of professions where an understanding of these technologies is essential for success -- and a proportionate increase in the number and type of students taking courses to learn about them.

The book which this website supports is about TCP/IP. It provides the information necessary for students who seek a degree in data communications and networking. It is also a reference for professionals who are supporting or preparing to work with networks based on TCP/IP. In short, this book is for anyone who needs to understand the TCP/IP protocols.

The book assumes the reader has no prior knowledge of the TCP/IP protocols, although a previous course in data communications is desirable

Instructors can obtain a password from their sales representative.

Click Here    TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Read More

RSA Algorithm

 RSA Algorithm

The RSA algorithm is based upon the difficulty of finding the prime factorization of numbers whose prime factors are large primes—say 100 digit prime numbers.  The RSA algorithm works as follows:

1.   Select two prime numbers p and q.

2.   Form n = pq.  Note that n is public and can be published.

3.   Form y = (p – 1)(q – 1).  Note that y is secret and not published.

4.   Select an integer e such that e < n and the gcd(e,y) = 1.  Note the author’s requirement that e not divide y evenly is not strong enough.  For the algorithm to work, e and y must be relatively prime-gcd(e,y) = 1.

5.   To encode a letter use its ASCII value.  For instance ‘A’ is at position 65 in the ASCII sequence, so it is encoded as:

c = 65^e mod n

      The letter to be encoded is said to be a plaintext letter and the message before it is encoded is said to be a plaintext message.

6.   To decode a character, you must first calculate a value d that satisfies the equation:

e×d mod y = 1 (Eq. 6.1)

      where y and e are the values calculated in 3 and 4 above, respectively.  Since e and y are relatively prime, we know that there exist integers d and g such that

e×d + y×g = 1  (Eq. 6.2)

      We can solve this equation by using the Euclidean Algorithm with back substitution.  To illustrate the process, suppose we choose p = 11 and q = 13.  Then n=143 and y = 10×12 =  120.  Further, suppose that we select e=19.  Note that e and y are relatively prime, gcd(19,120)=1.

      To find d proceed as follows using the Euclidean Algorithm as if we were looking for the solution to the gcd(19, 120).

120 =  6×19 + 6	6 = 120 - 6×19
19 = 3×6 + 1	1 = 19 - 3×6

      The values of d and g are found by working backwards from the last equation in the right column.  The process is to substitute using the value from the equation the right column immediately above, simplify, and repeat until you get back to equation Eq. 6.2.

1  = 19 – 3×(6)

    = 19 - 3×(120 - 6×19)

    = 19 - 3×120 +18×(19)

    = 19×(19) - 3×(120)   Note that this equation is in the form e×d + y×g = 1, where d = 19 and g = -3.

      The range for the mod y function (Modulus y arithmetic) is defined to be the interval 0 … y.  So, had d come out to be negative we would convert it to a positive integer by adding y, that is we would use the value –d+y for d.  In this example there is no need to do so since d is already positive.  Also note that d just happened to equal e in this example.  In general this will not be true.

7.   Using the value of d, as calculated in step 6, the plaintext character is decoded as:

m = c^d mod n

      where c is an character that has been encoded as described in 5 above.

Click Here  For Example    RSA Algorithm

Read More

VIRTUAL REALITY Ebooks

Virtual reality is an artificial environment that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment. On a computer, virtual reality is primarily experienced through two of the five senses: sight and sound. 

The simplest form of virtual reality is a 3-D  image that can be explored interactively at a personal computer, usually by manipulating keys or the mouse so that the content of the image moves in some direction or zooms in or out. More sophisticated efforts involve such approaches as wrap-around display screens, actual rooms augmented with wearable computers, and haptics devices that let you feel the display images.

Virtual reality can be divided into:

• The simulation of a real environment for training and education.
• The development of an imagined environment for a game or interactive story.

Popular products for creating virtual reality effects on personal computers include Bryce, Extreme 3D, Ray Dream Studio, trueSpace, 3D Studio MAX, and Visual Reality. The Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML ) allows the creator to specify images and the rules for their display and interaction using textual language statements.

Click Here for More     VIRTUAL REALITY Ebooks

Read More

Discrete Mathematics Ebook & Lecture Notes - PDF Download

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values. Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as calculus and analysis. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers. More formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets (sets that have the same cardinality as subsets of the natural numbers, including rational numbers but not real numbers). However, there is no exact, universally agreed, definition of the term "discrete mathematics." Indeed, discrete mathematics is described less by what is included than by what is excluded: continuously varying quantities and related notions. Please see the attached file along with this Discrete Mathematics Ebook Download

Discrete Mathematics  Lecture Notes Download

Discrete Mathematics PDF Download

Read More

An Introduction to JSP

Introduction to JSP Introduction to JSP Java Server Pages or JSP for short is Sun's solution for developing dynamic web sites. JSP provide excellent server side scripting support for creating database driven web applications. JSP enable the

Java Server Pages or JSP for short is Sun's solution for developing dynamic web sites. JSP provide excellent server side scripting support for creating database driven web applications. JSP enable the developers to directly insert java code into jsp file, this makes the development process very simple and its maintenance also becomes very easy.  JSP pages are efficient, it loads into the web servers memory  on receiving the request very first time and the subsequent calls are served within a very short period of time. 

  In today's environment most web sites servers dynamic pages based on user request. Database is very convenient way to store the data of users and other things. JDBC provide excellent database connectivity in heterogeneous database environment. Using JSP and JDBC its very easy to develop database driven web application. 

   Java is known for its characteristic of "write once, run anywhere." JSP pages are platform independent. Your port your .jsp pages to any platform.   

Click Here For More  An Introduction to JSP 

Read More

Introduction to PHP

What is PHP?

• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
• PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
• PHP is an open source software
• PHP is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?

• PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts
• PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML 
• PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml"

What is MySQL?

• MySQL is a database server
• MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
• MySQL supports standard SQL
• MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
• MySQL is free to download and use

Click Here  Introduction to PHP 

Read More

Introduction to classes of PHP

Object-oriented PHP
If you have used an object oriented language before, you know that the subject is complex. I will present object-oriented PHP in a very simplistic manner but enough that you can learn to use objects in your scripts in a matter of minutes. Like any object-oriented language, PHP involves using classes to define objects and then using object instances to perform a task. The main purpose of a class is to provide instructions that define the functionality of an object. The class “Fruit” will provide information on a fruit such as shape and color. Let’s look at the definition of a class called Fruit.

<?

class Fruit {

// these are the instance variables
var $shape;
var $color;

// this is the constructor
function Fruit($shape=NULL, $color=NULL) {
$this->color = $color;
}

// the remaining functions are member functions
// to set or retrieve the state of the object
//ACCESSOR MTHODS
function getColor() { return $this->color; }
function getShape() { return $this->shape; }

//MUTATOR METHODS
function setColor($color) { $this->color = $color; }
function setShape($shape) { $this->shape = $shape; }

//A PRINT UTILITY
function printVar () {
echo “. variables are: ($this->shape) and ($this ->color)”;
}
}

?>

The class Fruit has two instance variables ($shape and $color), a constructor (function Fruit()), accessor and mutator functions. The instance variables describe the properties of a Fruit object. The constructor is used to create new Fruit objects. Constructors of a class always have the same name as the class. Here in the Fruit class, the constructor can take two optional parameters to create a new Fruit. The parameters are optional because they are each given a default value (null in our case) in the definition of the constructor. The member functions either get or set the values of the instance variables. Here is an example of how to create and use Fruit objects:

<?

Click Here For More    Introduction to classes of PHP

Read More

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Ebook, presentation and lecture notes covering full semester syllabus

HUMAN RESOURCE FUNCTION

TRENDS IN HRM

LINE AND STAFF FUNCTIONS

JOB ANALYSIS

RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS

BUILDING EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT

EMPLOYEE TESTING AND SELECTION

ORIENTATION & TRAINING

DEVELOPING MANAGERS

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

MANAGING CAREERS

ESTABLISHING PAY PLANS

PAY FOR PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL

INCENTIVES

BENEFIT AND SERVICES

INDUSTRIAL RELATION

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

GRIEVANCES HANDLING

LABOUR WELFARE

Click Here     HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Ebook, presentation and lecture notes covering full semester syllabus

Read More

Manual on compressors

Manual on comressors and compressed air systems

Click here  Manual on compressors

Read More

Electrical Engineering Interview Questions

What is thyristor?

For an 100kw generator, only 50kw of load is connected. Will the generator generate only 50kw or 100kw. If it generate 100kw what happens to rest of the 50kw. What happens if we connect more than 100kw of load?

Why the suply frequency in INDIA is 50HZ

What is the power ratio between power in Star and Delta circuit?

What is the difference between earth and neutral

What is the difference between Earthing & grounding

What is a u.p.s

At what condition a synchronous motor acts as a synchronous condenser?

How is a 100 MVA transformer cooled?

What is the instantaneous value of voltage in a 3-phase balanced star connected circuit?

What is the difference between regulator and stabiliser.

Whats happens when we give DC to a induction motor?

Describe How energy is stored in a inductor on electronic level

How do we select a cable for a machine as per standards. Is there is any standard to select a cable as per voltage, or as per KVA and as per amps ratings?

Is it possible for a feedback surge to travel over a wireless connection? Would the answer be different in a vacuum?
.
What is the voltage drop for 100kw motor if the length of the cable is 200m and what is the cable size.

Regards & Thanks
Baazigar

Read more:   Electrical Engineering Interview Questions

Read More

Power Electronics - IIT Kharagpur Lecture Notes Download

Lecture Notes of Power Electronics from IIT Kharagpur.

Full Course Covered!


Click     Power Electronics - IIT Kharagpur Lecture Notes Download

Read More

Basics of Circuit Breakers PDF Download - Siemens Step Course

Welcome to another course in the STEP series, Siemens Technical Education Program, designed to prepare our distributors to sell Siemens Energy & Automation products more effectively. This course covers Basics of Load Centers and related products.


Click  Basics of Circuit Breakers PDF Download - Siemens Step Course

Read More

Electrical machines - EEE branch

An electrical machine is the generic name for a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, or changes alternating current from one voltage level to a different voltage level.

Electrical machines as employed in industry fall into three categories according to how they convert energy. Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. Transformers change the voltage of alternating current.

click here    Electrical machines - EEE branch

Read More

Transmission line parameters and distribution... power system introduction

tis is the pdf that covers only introduction of transmission line parameters and also cover basics of distributionAttachment 11165Attachment 11166Transmission%20Line%20Parameters.pdfDistribution.pdf


Click Here   Transmission line parameters and distribution... power system introduction

Read More

Computer graphics..notes

.

What is Computer Graphics?  Cornell University Program of Computer Graphics
The term computer graphics includes almost everything on computers that is not text or sound. Today almost every computer can do some graphics, and people have even come to expect to control their computer through icons and pictures rather than just by typing.Here in our lab at the Program of Computer Graphics, we think of computer graphics as drawing pictures on computers, also called rendering. The pictures can be photographs, drawings, movies, or simulations -- pictures of things which do not yet exist and maybe could never exist. Or they may be pictures from places we cannot see directly, such as medical images from inside your body. We spend much of our time improving the way computer pictures can simulate real world scenes. We want images on computers to not just look more realistic, but also to BE more realistic in their colors, the way objects and rooms are lighted, and the way different materials appear. We call this work "realistic image synthesis", and the following series of pictures will show some of our techniques in stages from very simple pictures through very realistic ones.

  
Click here  This is easy...and helpful...

Read More

Basics of PLCs Ebook PDF Download - Siemens Step Course

Welcome to another course in the STEP series, Siemens Technical Education Program, designed to prepare our distributors to sell Siemens Energy & Automation products more effectively. This course covers Basics of PLCs and related products.


Click Here       Basics of PLCs Ebook PDF Download - Siemens Step Course

Read More

Miniature Circuit Breakers

hey,this a ppt that i presented in my college.

Click Here  Miniature Circuit Breakers

Read More

Electromagnetism Free Ebook Download

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity was, like so many other scientific discoveries, stumbled upon almost by accident. The Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted was lecturing one day in 1820 on the possibility of electricity and magnetism being related to one another, and in the process demonstrated it conclusively by experiment in front of his whole class! By passing an electric current through a metal wire suspended above a magnetic compass, Oersted was able to produce a definite motion of the compass needle in response to the current. What began as conjecture at the start of the class session was confirmed as fact at the end. Needless to say, Oersted had to revise his lecture notes for future classes! His serendipitous discovery paved the way for a whole new branch of science: electromagnetics.

Detailed experiments showed that the magnetic field produced by an electric current is always oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow. A simple method of showing this relationship is called the left-hand rule. Simply stated, the left-hand rule says that the magnetic flux lines produced by a current-carrying wire will be oriented the same direction as the curled fingers of a person's left hand (in the "hitchhiking" position), with the thumb pointing in the direction of electron flow:

The magnetic field encircles this straight piece of current-carrying wire, the magnetic flux lines having no definite "north" or "south' poles.

While the magnetic field surrounding a current-carrying wire is indeed interesting, it is quite weak for common amounts of current, able to deflect a compass needle and not much more. To create a stronger magnetic field force (and consequently, more field flux) with the same amount of electric current, we can wrap the wire into a coil shape, where the circling magnetic fields around the wire will join to create a larger field with a definite magnetic (north and south) polarity:

The amount of magnetic field force generated by a coiled wire is proportional to the current through the wire multiplied by the number of "turns" or "wraps" of wire in the coil. This field force is called magnetomotive force (mmf), and is very much analogous to electromotive force (E) in an electric circuit.

An electromagnet is a piece of wire intended to generate a magnetic field with the passage of electric current through it. Though all current-carrying conductors produce magnetic fields, an electromagnet is usually constructed in such a way as to maximize the strength of the magnetic field it produces for a special purpose. Electromagnets find frequent application in research, industry, medical, and consumer products.

As an electrically-controllable magnet, electromagnets find application in a wide variety of "electromechanical" devices: machines that effect mechanical force or motion through electrical power. Perhaps the most obvious example of such a machine is the electric motor.

Another example is the relay, an electrically-controlled switch. If a switch contact mechanism is built so that it can be actuated (opened and closed) by the application of a magnetic field, and an electromagnet coil is placed in the near vicinity to produce that requisite field, it will be possible to open and close the switch by the application of a current through the coil. In effect, this gives us a device that enables elelctricity to control electricity:

Relays can be constructed to actuate multiple switch contacts, or operate them in "reverse" (energizing the coil will open the switch contact, and unpowering the coil will allow it to spring closed again).

Click  Electromagnetism Free Ebook Download

Read More

Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems by Leonard Grysby

Here is a book on Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems by T A Short

Click  Electric Power Distribution Equipment and Systems by Leonard Grysby

Read More

Step courses from siemens (automation and control courses)

Siemens Technical Education Program (STEP) is a FREE self-study course designed to increase your automation and control knowledge at your own pace! Click on your topic of interest below
Course List

Introductory – Basics of Electricity http://www.ziddu.com/download/156251...icity.pdf.html Basics of Electrical Products http://www.ziddu.com/download/156251...ducts.pdf.html Motors and Control Courses – AC Drives http://www.ziddu.com/download/156252...rives.pdf.html Basics of AC Motors http://www.ziddu.com/download/156253...otors.pdf.html Basics of Control Components http://www.ziddu.com/download/156253...nents.pdf.html Basics of PLCs http://www.ziddu.com/download/156254...fPLCs.pdf.html Basics of Sensors http://www.ziddu.com/download/156254...nsors.pdf.html Basics of DC Drives http://www.ziddu.com/download/156254...rives.pdf.html Motor Control Centers http://www.ziddu.com/download/156254...nters.pdf.html Power Distribution Courses – Busway http://www.ziddu.com/download/156254...usway.pdf.html Load Centers http://www.ziddu.com/download/156256...nters.pdf.html Meter Mounting Equipment http://www.ziddu.com/download/156256...pment.pdf.html Molded Case Circuit Breakers http://www.ziddu.com/download/156255...akers.pdf.html Panelboards http://www.ziddu.com/download/156322...oards.pdf.html Basics of Surge Protection  http://www.ziddu.com/download/156322...ction.pdf.html Power Monitoring http://www.ziddu.com/download/156322...oring.pdf.html Safety Switches http://www.ziddu.com/download/156322...tches.pdf.html Switchboards http://www.ziddu.com/download/156322...oards.pdf.html

Click   Step courses from siemens (automation and control courses)

Read More

Electric motor controls

Introduction: Once the proper motor is selected, understanding the many various control devices available and their uses and limitations becomes an important part related to reliable operation and protection of the motor and the personnel using the motor.

Motor Control Topics
There are four major motor control topics or categories to consider. Each of these has several
subcategories and sometimes the subcategories overlap to some extent. Certain pieces of motor control equipment can accomplish multiple functions from each of the topics or categories.


click here   Electric motor controls

Read More

Electrical Networks Ebook & Lecture Notes - PDF Download

Electrical Networks Ebook & Lecture Notes - PDF Download

Electrical Networks Ebook & Lecture Notes Contents--

Syllabus of Electrical Network Ebook Covered In the Ebooks.

Unit – I: 
Graph Theory : Graph of a Network, definitions, tree, co tree , link, basic loop and basic cut set, Incidence matrix, cut set matrix, Tie set matrix Duality, Loop and Nodal methods of analysis. 


Unit – II:

Network Theorems (Applications to ac networks): Super-position theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, Reciprocity theorem. Millman’s theorem, compensation theorem, Tellegen’s theorem. 


Unit – III :

Network Functions :
Concept of Complex frequency , Transform Impedances Network functions of one port and two port networks, concept of poles and zeros, properties of driving point and transfer functions, time response and stability from pole zero plot. 


Unit – IV :

Two Port Networks:
Characterization of LTI two port networks ZY, ABCD and h parameters, reciprocity and symmetry. Inter-relationships between the parameters, inter-connections of two port networks, Ladder and Lattice networks. T & jI Representation. 


Unit – V :

(a) Network Synthesis :
Positive real function; definition and properties; properties of LC, RC and RL driving point functions, synthesis of LC, RC and RL driving point immittance functions using Foster and Cauer first and second forms.

(b) Filters:
Image parameters and characteristics impedance, passive and active filter fundamentals, low pass, highpass, (constant K type) filters, and introduction to active filters.

Please see the attached ebooks along with the syllabus

Download    Electrical Networks Ebook & Lecture Notes - PDF Download

Read More

Electrical Syllabus PDF Download

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT:-
Electrical Syllabus:-
Please find the file attached with this.

Click Here  Electrical Syllabus PDF Download

Read More

Basics of Meter Mounting Equipments Ebook PDF Download - Siemens Step Course

Welcome to another course in the STEP series, Siemens Technical Education Program, designed to prepare our distributors to sell Siemens Energy & Automation products more effectively. This course covers Basics of Meter Mounting Equipment..

Upon completion of Basics of Meter Mounting Equipment you should be able to:
• Identify the more common power supply systems used in residential and commercial applications
• List and describe the main components of a single-position meter socket
• Describe the advantage of a side wire meter socket design for an underground feed application
• Explain why a bypass is sometimes needed and list the types of bypasses available for use with meter sockets
• Describe important characteristics of Siemens residential and commercial meter sockets
• Describe the configurations available for Siemens gang meter sockets
• Explain the difference between a transformer rated meter socket and a K-Base meter socket
• Explain the difference between a meter main and a meter load center combination
• Explain what the term EUSERC means
• Explain the difference between a continuous current rating and an interrupting rating for an overcurrent protection device
• Explain the difference between the full rating method and the series rating method for overcurrent protection devices
• Describe the key differences between the standard Uni-Pak Metering design and Siemens exclusive Ringless Uni-Pak Metering with Lever Bypass
• List the types of modules available for Siemens Modular Metering and describe the primary use for each module type
• Describe how single bolt joints are used in a Modular Metering configuration
• Identify the different bypass types available for use in Modular Metering
• Explain when it is necessary to center feed a main device in a Modular Metering configuration
Please fine the attached file along with the notes...

Click    Basics of Meter Mounting Equipments Ebook PDF Download - Siemens Step Course

Read More